Original Article: JRCRS. 2026:14(2): 85-91
5-Frequency of hallux valgus deformity among university students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hafsah Arshad1, Hafsah Gul Khattak2, Faiqa Shafaq3, Zoha Irfan4, Maria Ejaz5
1 Assistant Professor, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Senior Lecturer, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
3 Consultant Physiotherapist, Islamabad Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
4 Clinical Physiotherapist, Shifa Neuro Clinic, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
5 Physiotherapist, Transition Therapy Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
Read Full-Text Full-Text PDF DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.53389/JRCRS.2026140205
ABSTRACT:
Background: Hallux valgus is common forefoot deformity which involves lateral deviation of the big toe and medial deviation of the first metatarsal. HV results in altered foot biomechanics causing pain and functional limitations. It may develop due to prolong weight bearing, fashion foot wear choices, improper shoes or genetic predisposition in young people.
Objective: To find out the frequency of hallux valgus deformity and examine its association with different factors among university students.
Methodology: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2022 to July 2022. The study included 340 volunteer university students of 18-26 years’ age. The sample size was raised using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data was collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire which includes self-reported Manchester scale for Hallux valgus, Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and questions related to family history and footwear. Those who were having any congenital foot deformity, previous injury e.g., foot fracture, surgery and co morbidities like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout were excluded from study. Informed consent was taken from each participant. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 26.
Results: The mean age of participants was 22.04±1.65 years. The overall frequency of Hallux valgus was 30.3% (n=103). Bilateral HV was noted in 61.0% (n=63) of participants. Among male participants 25.3% (n=42) had mild and 5.4% (n=9) had moderate HV while in females 16.0% (n=28) had mild and 2.3% (n=4) had moderate HV. HV was more prevalent in male participants with significant association of male footwear (p=0.002). There was a significant association of big toe pain (p=0.003) with HV.
Conclusion: The frequency of hallux valgus was 30.3% among university students. It was more frequent in male students. Special attention should be given to footwear and big toe pain among such cases for early prevention of HV.
Keywords: Hallux Valgus, Bunion, Foot, Deformities, University Students