Original Article: JRCRS 2017; 5(2): 89-93
10-Development of A Test for Articulation and Phonological Disorders in Urdu Speaking Children
Sadaf Noveen1, Ayesha Kamal Butt2, Mohammad Babar Alam3
1National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine
2Pakistan Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi
3Provincial Coordination Officer, United Nation Population Fund, Punjab
Abstract:
Background: The non-availability of language appropriate and culture-based tests for assessing speech sound disorders in Urdu has always posed a challenge in clinical, educational and research areas. The aim of the current research was to develop such a test for assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU).
Objectives: The objective of the test was to develop a valid and reliable tool for assessment of Urdu Articulation and Phonological Disorders in children between 4-8 years of age.
Methodology: The study employed a cross sectional study design. Validity and reliability assessments were conducted for the development of the test. TAAPU was piloted and developed in Islamabad and Rawalpindi using purposive sampling technique for primary data collection; a sample of 50 children without APD and sample of 50 children with suspected speech sound disorder were included. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS- Version 21.0) was used in the study.
Results: The Test- retest reliability in pilot study of TAAPU with N=15 showed almost same mean and standard error of the mean confirming that TAAPU performed on same population with two weeks’ interval gave almost same results. Correlation between test and retest is 0.991 and Chronbach’s Alpha value is 0.70 ascertains its reliability. Factor analysis revealed 21 factors received frequent errors have Eigenvalues greater than 1. Chronbach’s value of main study with N=100, 50 with APD and 50 without APD, is 0.74 and has α greater than 0.5 confirms the interdependance of items in the test. Substitution was the most frequent error type and the mean administartion time of TAAPU by children with APD is 26.48 minutes.
Conclusion: The study concludes that TAAPU is a valid and reliable tool for assessment of APD for Urdu speaking children.
Keywords: Test for Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU), Articulation and Phonological Disorder (APD).